Keeb kwm ntawm kev ntim khoom

Cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub ntim khoom siv tau sib npaug rau lub xyoo pua 16 rau xyoo pua puv 19. Nrog kev rov tshwm sim ntawm kev lag luam, ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntim tau ua rau qee lub tebchaws thauj khoom sai pib tsim cov khoom lag luam ntim tshuab. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom thiab ntim khoom: Cov txheej txheem nees thiab cov duab los qhia cov txheej txheem tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, thiab cov ntawv ntim tau tshwm sim; Thaum ntxov xyoo 19th, tus qauv ntawm kev khaws cov khoom noj tso rau hauv cov iav fwj thiab cov kaus poom hlau tau tsim, thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus tau tsim kev lag luam.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntim thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis: nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16, conical corks tau siv dav hauv Europe thiaj li lub taub hau. Piv txwv li, hauv 1660s, thaum cov tshuaj tsw qab tawm los, lub cork thiab cork tau siv los muab lub raj mis. Los ntawm 1856, lub hau ntswj nrog cork ncoo tau tsim, thiab lub thwj cim yas lub vov tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1892, ua cov thev naus laus zis sib txuas thiab txhim khu kev qha. Cov. Hauv daim ntawv thov ntim cov paib niaj hnub: Western European lub teb chaws pib muab cov fils ntawm cov tshuaj lom uas yuav tsum tau luam cov ntawv pov thawj uas yooj yim los txheeb xyuas.

Kev pub khoom lag luam niaj hnub tau pib tom qab nkag mus rau 20th caug xyoo. Nrog rau cov kev nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab kev txhim kho kev nrawm nrawm ntawm niaj hnub no thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam tseem muaj nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tshiab.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom lag luam tshiab, xws li ntim tau ntim cia, ntim khoom siv siv hluav taws xob, siv tau siv dua thiab lwm cov tshuab ntim khoom thiab ntim cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv mus;

2. Diversification thiab Automation ntawm Ntim Machinery;

3. Ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev ntim thiab luam ntawv thev naus laus zis;

4. Ntxiv kev mus rau kev kuaj cov khoom lag luam;

5. Lub ntim tsim yog kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab cov tshiab.