Kodi ndinu wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kuti mugule zikwama zenizeni zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka?

Pali mitundu yambiri ya matumba apulasitiki, monga polyethylene, yomwe imatchedwanso PE, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-mi-degree polyethylene (LDPE), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamatumba apulasitiki. Ngati matumba apulasitiki wambawa akapanda kuwonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zowononga, zimatengera zaka mazana ambiri kuti ziwonongeke, zomwe zimabweretsa kuipitsa kosayerekezeka kwa zamoyo zapadziko lapansi ndi chilengedwe.

Palinso matumba ena osakwanira, monga photodegradation, oxidative degradation, miyala ya pulasitiki yowonongeka, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zowonongeka kapena calcium carbonate zimawonjezeredwa ku polyethylene. Thupi la munthu ndi loipa kwambiri.

Palinso matumba owuma abodza, omwe amadula pang'ono kuposa pulasitiki wamba, koma amatchedwanso "owonongeka". Mwachidule, ziribe kanthu zomwe wopanga akuwonjezera ku PE, akadali polyethylene. Inde, monga wogula, simungathe kuziwona zonse.

Njira yofananira yosavuta kwambiri ndi mtengo wagawo. Mtengo wa matumba a zinyalala osawonongeka ndi okwera pang'ono kuposa wamba. Mtengo wa matumba otaya zinyalala weniweni ndi wokwera kawiri kapena katatu kuposa wamba. Ngati mukukumana ndi Mtundu wa "thumba lowonongeka" lotsika mtengo kwambiri, musaganize kuti ndi lotsika mtengo kuti mutenge, likhoza kukhala thumba lomwe silinawonongeke.

Taganizirani izi, ngati matumba omwe ali ndi mtengo wotsika chotere amatha kutsika, chifukwa chiyani asayansi amaphunzirabe matumba apulasitiki okwera mtengo kwambiri? Matumba a zinyalala amapanga gawo lalikulu la mapulasitiki apulasitiki, ndipo zinyalala za pulasitiki zomwe wamba ndi zinyalala zomwe zimatchedwa "zowonongeka" sizowonongeka kwenikweni.

Pankhani ya ndondomeko yoletsa pulasitiki, mabizinesi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "owonongeka" kuti agulitse matumba apulasitiki otsika mtengo osawonongeka pansi pa mbendera ya "chitetezo cha chilengedwe" ndi "chowonongeka"; ndipo ogula nawonso samamvetsetsa, zosavuta Zimakhulupirira kuti zomwe zimatchedwa "zowonongeka" ndizo "kuwonongeka kwathunthu", kotero kuti "microplastic" iyi ikhoza kukhalanso zinyalala zomwe zimavulaza nyama ndi anthu.

Kuti adziwe zambiri, mapulasitiki owonongeka amatha kugawidwa m'mapulasitiki owonongeka a petrochemical ndi mapulasitiki owonongeka a bio-based malinga ndi komwe kumachokera.

Malingana ndi njira yowonongeka, imatha kugawidwa mu photodegradation, thermo-oxidative degradation ndi biodegradation.

Mapulasitiki owonongeka: Kuwala kumafunika. Nthawi zambiri, mapulasitiki owonongeka sangathe kuonongeka kwathunthu m'dongosolo lotayira zinyalala kapena m'malo achilengedwe chifukwa cha zomwe zilipo.

Mapulasitiki a Thermo-oxidative: Mapulasitiki omwe amawonongeka ndi kutentha kapena kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mankhwala a zinthuzo. Chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zilipo, zimakhala zovuta kuti ziwonongeke nthawi zambiri.

Mapulasitiki owonongeka: opangidwa ndi zomera monga udzu wowuma kapena zipangizo monga PLA + PBAT, mapulasitiki owonongeka akhoza kupangidwa ndi mpweya wonyansa, monga zinyalala zakukhitchini, ndipo akhoza kusinthidwa kukhala madzi ndi carbon dioxide. Mapulasitiki a bio-based amathanso kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Poyerekeza ndi mapulasitiki wamba, mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi bio amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi 30% mpaka 50%.

Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka kwathunthu, kodi ndinu okonzeka kuwononga ndalama pamatumba a zinyalala omwe amatha kuwonongeka?

Kwa ife eni, kwa mbadwa zathu, kwa zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi, ndi malo abwino okhalamo, tiyenera kukhala ndi masomphenya a nthawi yaitali.