Ndi kuzindikira kochulukira kwachitetezo cha chilengedwe, pakhala kufunikira kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zida zonyamula zowola. Matumba opangidwa ndi biodegradable akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo abwino monga mtengo wotsika, mphamvu zambiri, ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Kapangidwe ka matumba ophatikizika a biodegradable nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma polima osakanikirana osiyanasiyana, monga polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), ndi wowuma, pamodzi ndi zina zowonjezera. Zidazi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuphatikizika, filimu yowombedwa, kapena njira zoponyera kuti apange gulu la zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo zokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Mkati wosanjikiza wa biodegradable gulu thumba zambiri zopangidwa biodegradable polima, monga PLA kapena wowuma, amene amapereka thumba ndi biodegradability. Wosanjikiza wapakati amapangidwa ndikuphatikiza polima wokhazikika komanso polima wamba, monga PE kapena PP, kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa thumba. Chosanjikiza chakunja chimapangidwanso ndi polima wamba, chopereka zotchinga zabwino komanso kuwongolera kusindikiza kwa thumba.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wakhala akuyang'ana pa chitukuko cha matumba opangidwa ndi biodegradable omwe ali ndi makina abwino kwambiri komanso olepheretsa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nanotechnology, monga kuphatikizika kwa nano-dongo kapena nano-fillers, kwasonyezedwa kuti kumapangitsanso mphamvu, kulimba, ndi zotchinga za matumba a biodegradable composite.
Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zikuchitika pantchito yolongedza zida ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhazikika komanso zongowonjezedwanso, monga biomass-based bioplastics, popanga matumba ophatikizika omwe amatha kuwonongeka. Izi zapangitsa kupangidwa kwa zinthu zatsopano zowola, monga polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), zomwe zimachokera ku fermentation ya bakiteriya ya zopangira zongowonjezwdwa ndipo zimakhala ndi biodegradability komanso makina amakina.
Matumba opakira owonongeka ayamba kutchuka kwambiri chifukwa chidziwitso cha anthu pankhani yoteteza chilengedwe chikuwonjezeka mosalekeza. Matumba opaka ophatikizika ndi mtundu wazinthu zopangira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo kudzera munjira yophatikizika. Amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa kulongedza zinthu zamtundu umodzi ndipo amatha kuthetsa mavuto a kasungidwe, mayendedwe, ndi malonda a chakudya ndi zinthu zina.
Komabe, zikwama zopakira zachikhalidwe zakhala zikutsutsidwa chifukwa cha kuwononga kwawo chilengedwe. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa chitukuko chokhazikika, chidwi chowonjezereka chaperekedwa pa nkhani ya "kuipitsa koyera" komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinyalala zapulasitiki. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira pachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika, kufufuza m'matumba opangira zinthu zowonongeka kwakhala nkhani yovuta kwambiri.
Matumba ophatikizika owonongeka ndi amodzi mwa njira zomwe angayembekezere, chifukwa amatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala za pulasitiki ku chilengedwe.
Chikwama chopatsirana chosawonongeka chimapangidwa makamaka ndi wowuma ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke pakanthawi kochepa. Ikhoza kuwola motetezeka komanso mosavuta kukhala mpweya woipa ndi madzi, popanda kuwononga chilengedwe.
Chikwama chopakira chophatikizika chowonongeka chimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zoyikapo, kuphatikiza kukana bwino kwa chinyezi, kulimba kwambiri, komanso kulimba kwabwino. Ikhoza kuteteza zinthu ku chinyezi, mpweya, ndi kuwala, ndikukwaniritsa zomwezo monga matumba apulasitiki achikhalidwe.
Komanso, degradable gulu ma CD thumba akhoza makonda malinga ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana kasitomala. Itha kupangidwa mosiyanasiyana, masitayilo, ndi mitundu, ndipo imatha kusindikizidwa ndi zotsatsa kapena zotsatsa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito matumba ophatikizika ophatikizika kungathandize kuchepetsa kuwononga zinyalala za pulasitiki ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika. Itha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogula pakulongedza komanso kuteteza ndi kukonza chilengedwe.
Mawonekedwe a matumba a biodegradable kompositi amakhala ndi izi:
1. Zowonongeka: matumba opangidwa ndi biodegradable amapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, monga starch, cellulose, etc., kuti awonongeke m'chilengedwe komanso kuti asawononge chilengedwe.
2. Kukana kwabwino kwa chinyezi: matumba opangidwa ndi biodegradable akhoza kuphimbidwa ndi zipangizo zotetezera chinyezi pamtunda wamkati, zomwe zingathe kuteteza chinyezi muzinthu zomwe zili ndi chinyezi.
3. Kulimba kwakukulu, kulimba kwabwino: matumba opangidwa ndi biodegradable amakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba komanso zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kupirira katundu wolemera.
4. Kusiyanasiyana kosinthika komanso kolemera: matumba opangidwa ndi biodegradable amatha kupangidwa mosiyanasiyana, mitundu, masitayilo ndi kusindikiza malinga ndi zosowa zamakasitomala kuti akwaniritse zofuna za msika.
5.Ikhoza kulowa m'malo mwa matumba apulasitiki achikhalidwe: poyerekeza ndi matumba apulasitiki achikhalidwe, matumba opangidwa ndi biodegradable amakhala ndi chitetezo chabwinoko cha chilengedwe, kuwonongeka ndi kubwezeretsedwanso, zosungirako zokhazikika.
Mwachidule, kupangidwa kwa matumba ophatikizika ophatikizika ndi njira yofunikira kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani onyamula katundu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonongeka m'matumba ophatikizira ophatikizika kumatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinyalala zapulasitiki ku chilengedwe, ndipo kumapereka njira yothetsera vuto la "kuipitsa koyera". Ngakhale kuti matumbawa ndi okwera mtengo, phindu limene amabweretsa ku chilengedwe ndi lalikulu. Pamene ogula akupitiriza kulimbikitsa kuzindikira kwawo za chitetezo cha chilengedwe, chiyembekezo cha msika cha matumba ophatikizira owonongeka adzakhala odalirika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-30-2023