Ichaphaza elinye ngasekhohlo limele a; Amachaphaza amabini aphezulu amele amachaphaza e-c, kwaye amachaphaza amane amele i-7. Umntu othi iinkosi unobumba weBraille unokwazi nasiphi na isikripthi emhlabeni singayiboni. Oku akubalulekanga kuphela kwimbono yolwazi lokufunda nokubhala, kodwa kunzima xa abantu abaziimfama kufuneka bafumane indlela yabo kwizikhava zikarhulumente; Kukwamkela ukupakisha, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezinqabileyo kakhulu ezifana namayeza. Umzekelo, Imigaqo yanamhlanje ye-EU ifuna ukuba abalinganiswa abangama-64 babonakalise ukupakisha. Kodwa kwenzeka njani ukuba le nto uyiyolisayo?
Babizelwe ezantsi ukuya kumachaphaza amathandathu
Kwiminyaka yobudala emithandathu yegama labalinganiswa abadumileyo kwihlabathi, i-louis braille, iindlela ezihamba ngomkhosi ngomkhosi wase-Parsis eParis. Apho inkwenkwe engaboniyo yaziswa kwi "I-Nognal Teacer" -Inkqubo yokufunda yenziwe ngabalinganiswa abanesidima. Ngoncedo lwamapho alishumi elinambini olucwangciswe kwiindawo ezimbini zebrowus baludluliswa kwimikhosi ebumnyameni. Imibhalo emide, nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo yangqineka inzima kakhulu. I-Braille inciphise inani lamachaphaza kangangexesha elincinci lokufumana iBraille yanamhlanje evumela abalinganiswa, i-Equation Math The Therations kunye nomculo wamaphepha ekufuneka uguqulelwe kolu lwimi lunesitayile.
Iinjongo ezichaziweyo ze-EU kukususa izithintelo zemihla ngemihla zabangaboniyo nabangaboniyo. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zendlela kubantu abangaboni kakuhle kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke abafana nabasemagunyeni okanye izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, umyalelo ukusukela ngo-2007, ukuchaza ukuba igama lezakhono kufuneka libhalwe kwi-braille kwipakethi yangaphandle yamayeza. Isikhokelo kuphela esingabandakanyi kuphela iibhokisi ezincinci ezingekho ngaphezulu kwe-20ml kunye / okanye i-20g, amayeza aveliswa kwiiyunithi ezingaphantsi kwe-7,000 ngonyaka, amayeza e-nauropaths kunye namayeza alawulwa ngabaqeqeshi bezempilo. Emva kokucela, iinkampani zamayeza kufuneka zinikezele ngephakeji kwezinye iindlela zokungaboni kakuhle. Njengowona mgangatho usetyenziswayo kwihlabathi lonke, ifonti (inqaku) ubungakanani apha yi "Marburg Medium".
WI-Orthwile inzame eyongezelelweyo
Ngokucacileyo, iilebheli ezinentsingiselo zikwanabasebenzi kunye neendleko. Kwelinye icala, abashicileli kufuneka bazi ukuba ayizizo zonke iilwimi ezinamanqaku afanayo. I-DOT indiza ye%, / kwaye imayile epheleleyo yahlukile eSpain, e-Itali, iJamani kunye ne-UK. Kwelinye icala, abashicileli kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo i-DoT ye-DoT ye-DoT, i-offsets, kunye nendawo yokufaka umgca xa kufakwa okanye ukushicilela ukuqinisekisa ukuba amachaphaza eBraille kulula ukuchukumisa. Nangona kunjalo, abaliki apha nabo kufuneka babethe ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi komsebenzi nenkangeleko. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, indawo ephakanyisiweyo akufuneki ukuba iphazamiseke ngokungafaniyo nokwamkelwa kwabantu abangaboni kakuhle.
Ukufaka isicelo seBraille ukupakisha ayisiyongxaki ilula. Kungenxa yokuba kukho iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokungena kwi-braille: Esona siphumo sifanelekileyo, ukubekwa kweBraille kufuneka kube buthathaka ukuze i-biard ingaba ntlekele. Inqanaba eliphezulu lokuphambana, okukhulu emngciphekweni wokukhulisa ikhava yekhadibhodi. Kubantu abangaboniyo, kwelinye icala, ubude obuncinci beeBrailles zeBraille kuyimfuneko ukuze bave isicatshulwa ngokulula ngeminwe yabo. Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisa amachaphaza aqaqambileyo ukupakisha kuhlala kubonisa isenzo sokulinganisa phakathi kokubonwa okubonakalayo kunye nokufundiswa okuhle kweemfama.
Ukuprinta idijithali kwenza ukuba isicelo sibe lula
Kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iBraille yayisabekiwe, apho kufuneka kuveliswe isixhobo esihambelana nesixhobo esihambelana nayo. Emva koko, kwangeniswa ukuprintwa kwesikrini - enkosi kwindalo yokuqala, eli shishini lifuna kuphela iSistimu esiprintiweyo. Kodwa ukutshintsha kokwenyani kuya kuza kuphela ngokuprinta kwedijithali. Ngoku, amachaphaza eBraille ngumbandela we-IKet Jet kunye ne-varnish.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akulula: Izinto eziphambili zibandakanya amaqondo okuqala ukuhamba kwe-nozzle kunye neepropathi ezomisayo, kunye nokuprinta okuphezulu. Ukongeza koku, i-inki ye-inki kufuneka ihlangane ubuncinci beemfuno ezinobuncinci, yibambelele kwaye ungabinamali yenkungu. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha i-inks yokuprinta / ii-varnis kufuna amava amaninzi, ngoku sele kufunyenwe ziinkampani ezininzi kwishishini.
Kukho iifowuni zamaxesha anokususa isicelo esinyanzelekileyo seBraille kwifakityo ekhethiweyo. Abanye bathi la maxabiso anokugcinwa kwiithegi ze-elektroniki, avumela ukuba abasebenzisi abangazaziyo iileta okanye iBraille, njengabantu abadala abangaboni kakuhle iminyaka, ukufumana ulwazi abalufunayo.
Isiphelo
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukupakisha kweBraille kusenengxaki ezininzi ukulindela ukuba sizicombulule, siza kwenza konke okusemandleni ethu ukwenza iPasika yeBraille yabantu abayifunayo.Enkosi ngokufunda!
I-Post Ixesha: Jun-10 ukuya kwi-2022