Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeengxowa zeplastiki, ezifana ne-polyethylene, ebizwa ngokuba yi-PE, i-high-density polyethylene (HDPE), i-low-mi-degree polyethylene (LDPE), eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiingxowa zeplastiki. Xa ezi ngxowa zeplastiki ziqhelekileyo zingadityaniswa nezinto ezithob’ isidima, kuthabatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuthotywa kwesidima, nto leyo ezisa ungcoliseko olungenakucingeleka kwizinto eziphilayo zomhlaba nakwimekobume.
Kukho nezinye iingxowa ezingagqibekanga, ezifana ne-photodegradation, i-oxidative degradation, i-stone-plastic degradation, njl. Umzimba womntu umbi ngakumbi.
Kukwakho neengxowa zomgunyathi zestatshi, ezixabisa ngaphezulu kancinci kuneplastiki eqhelekileyo, kodwa ikwabizwa ngokuba “zinokonakala”. Ngamafutshane, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umenzi wongeza ntoni kwi-PE, kuseyi-polyethylene. Ewe, njengomthengi, usenokungakwazi ukukubona konke.
Indlela yokuthelekisa ilula kakhulu lixabiso leyunithi. Iindleko zeengxowa zenkunkuma ezingonakaliswayo ziphezulu nje kancinci kunezo ziqhelekileyo. Iindleko zeengxowa zenkunkuma ze-biodegradable ziphindwe kabini okanye kathathu ngaphezu kwezo ziqhelekileyo. Ukuba udibana nohlobo “lwebhegi eyonakakayo” enexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, sukucinga ukuba kutshiphu ukuyichola, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibe yingxowa engathotywanga ngokupheleleyo.
Cinga ngako, ukuba iingxowa ezinexabiso eliphantsi kangako zinokuthotywa, kutheni izazinzulu zisafunda ezo ngxowa zeplastiki ezinokuguquguquka ngokupheleleyo ezinexabiso eliphezulu? Iingxowa zenkunkuma zenza inxalenye enkulu yokupakishwa kweplastiki, kwaye le nkunkuma yeplastiki eqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba "zinokonakala" iingxowa zenkunkuma azinakonakala ngokwenene.
Kwimeko yomyalelo wokuthintelwa kweplastiki, amashishini amaninzi asebenzisa igama elithi "i-degradable" ukuthengisa inani elikhulu leengxowa zeplastiki ezingabizi kakhulu ezingabizi phantsi kwebhena "yokukhusela indalo" kunye "nokonakala"; kunye nabathengi nabo abaqondi, elula Kukholelwa ukuba into ebizwa ngokuba "yi-degradable" "i-degradation epheleleyo", ukuze le "microplastic" iphinde ibe yinkunkuma elimaza izilwanyana kunye nabantu.
Ukuyenza idume, iiplastiki ezonakaliswayo zinokwahlulwa zibe yiplastiki eyonakaliswayo esekwe kwipetrochemical kunye neeplastiki ezonakeleyo ezisekwe kwibhayoloji ngokomthombo wezinto ezikrwada.
Ngokwendlela yokuthotywa, inokwahlulwa ibe yifotodegradation, thermo-oxidative degradation kunye ne-biodegradation.
Iiplastiki ezinokufotwa: Iimeko zokukhanya ziyafuneka. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iiplastiki zefotodegradable ayikwazi ukuthotywa ngokupheleleyo nokuba kwinkqubo yokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwindawo yendalo ngenxa yeemeko ezikhoyo.
Iiplastiki ze-Thermo-oxidative: Iiplastiki ezichithwa phantsi kwesenzo sokushisa okanye i-oxidation kwixesha elithile elibangela utshintsho kwisakhiwo sekhemikhali sezinto eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yeemeko ezikhoyo, kunzima ukuthotywa ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko ezininzi.
Iiplastiki zeBiodegradable: Izityalo ezisekelwe kwizityalo ezifana ne-starch straws okanye izinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-PLA + PBAT, iiplastiki ezinokutshatyalaliswa kwe-biodegradable zinokuvundiswa ngegesi yenkunkuma, efana nenkunkuma yasekhitshini, kwaye inokutshatyalaliswa emanzini kunye ne-carbon dioxide. Iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji zinokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside. Xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo, iiplastiki ezisekwe kwibhayoloji zinganciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi beoyile ngama-30% ukuya kuma-50%.
Uqonde umahluko phakathi kokonakala kunye nokonakala ngokupheleleyo, ngaba ukulungele ukuchitha imali kwiingxowa zenkunkuma ezonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo?
Ngokwethu, kwinzala yethu, kwizidalwa ezisemhlabeni, kunye nendawo yokuhlala engcono, kufuneka sibe nombono wexesha elide.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-14-2022