Ngokunyuka kolwazi ngokhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo, kuye kwakho imfuno ekhulayo yezinto zokupakisha ezinokubola. Iingxowa ze-Biodegradable composite zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwishishini lokupakisha kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezintle ezifana neendleko eziphantsi, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ubume bezinto eziphathekayo zeengxowa ze-biodegradable composite ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka umxube weepolymers ezahlukeneyo ze-biodegradable, ezifana ne-polyethylene (PE), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polylactic acid (i-PLA), kunye nesitatshi, kunye nezinye izongezo. Ezi zixhobo zidla ngokudityaniswa ngokudibanisa, ifilimu evuthelweyo, okanye iindlela zokuphosa ukuze zenze umdibaniso wamacandelo amabini okanye ngaphezulu aneempawu ezahlukeneyo.
Umaleko wangaphakathi wengxowa ye-biodegradable composite ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngepolymer enokubola, efana ne-PLA okanye isitashi, esibonelela ngengxowa ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Uluhlu oluphakathi lwenziwe ngokuxuba i-polymer ye-biodegradable kunye ne-polymer eqhelekileyo, njenge-PE okanye i-PP, ukunyusa amandla kunye nokuqina kwesikhwama. Uluhlu lwangaphandle luphinde lwenziwe ngepolymer eqhelekileyo, ukubonelela ngeempawu ezintle zomqobo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokushicilela wesikhwama.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando lujolise ekuphuhliseni ukusebenza okuphezulu kweengxowa ze-biodegradable composite ezinepropathi ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini kunye nezithintelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanotechnology, njengokungeniswa kwe-nano-clay okanye i-nano-fillers, ibonakaliswe ukuphucula amandla, ukuqina, kunye neempawu zokuthintela kwiingxowa ezidibeneyo ze-biodegradable.
Ngaphaya koko, umkhwa kushishino lokupakisha kukusebenzisa imathiriyeli ehlala ihleli nehlaziyeka ekrwada, efana ne-biomass-based bioplastics, ekuvelisweni kweengxowa ze-biodegradable composite. Oku kukhokelele kuphuhliso lwemathiriyeli emitsha enokubola, efana ne-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), efunyenwe kwi-bacterial fermentation yemathiriyeli ekrwada ehlaziyekayo kwaye ibe ne-biodegradability egqwesileyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini.
Izingxobo zokupakishwa ezidityanisiweyo ezidityanisiweyo ziya zithandwa ngakumbi njengoko ulwazi lwabantu ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luye lwandiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Iingxowa zokupakisha ezihlanganisiweyo luhlobo lwezinto zokupakisha ezenziwe ngezinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ngenkqubo edibeneyo. Banentsebenzo engcono kuneyokupakishwa kwezinto enye kwaye banokucombulula ngempumelelo iingxaki zokugcinwa, ukuthutha, kunye nokuthengiswa kokutya nezinye izinto.
Nangona kunjalo, iingxowa zokupakisha ezihlanganisiweyo zemveli ziye zagxekwa ngenxa yempembelelo yazo embi kokusingqongileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokunyuka kwemfuno yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ingqwalasela engakumbi ihlawulwe kumbandela "wongcoliseko olumhlophe" olubangelwa yinkunkuma yeplastiki. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, uphando kwiingxowa zokupakisha ezidityanisiweyo ziye zaba ngumba oshushu.
Iingxowa zokupakisha ezidityanisiweyo zezinye zezona ndlela zithembisayo, njengoko zinokunciphisa umonakalo wenkunkuma yeplastiki kwindalo.
Ingxowa yokupakisha eyonakaliswayo yenziwe ikakhulu ngesitatshi kunye nezinye izinto zendalo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-biodegradable ngexesha elifutshane. Iyakwazi ukubola ngokukhuselekileyo nangokulula kwikharbon diokside kunye namanzi, ngaphandle kokwenza ingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ibhegi yokupakisha eyonakalisayo ineempawu ezintle zokupakisha, kubandakanya ukumelana nokufuma okuhle, ukomelela okuphezulu, kunye nokuqina okuhle. Inokukhusela ngokufanelekileyo iimveliso kumswakama, umoya, kunye nokukhanya, kwaye ifezekise umphumo ofanayo njengeengxowa zokupakisha zeplastiki.
Ukongeza, ibhegi yokupakisha edityanisiweyo inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi. Inokuveliswa ngokobukhulu obahlukahlukeneyo, izimbo, nemibala, yaye inokuprintwa ngentengiso okanye inkcazelo yokwazisa.
Ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zokupakisha ezidityanisiweyo ezinokonakala kunokunceda ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwenkunkuma yeplastiki nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi bokupakisha ngelixa ikwakhusela kwaye iphucula okusingqongileyo.
Iimpawu zeengxowa ezidityanisiweyo ezibolisiweyo ziquka le miba ilandelayo:
1. I-biodegradable: iingxowa ze-biodegradable composite ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngezinto zendalo, ezifana nestatshi, i-cellulose, njl., ukwenzela ukuba zibe nokuhlanjululwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwindawo yendalo kwaye aziyi kubangela ukungcola kokusingqongileyo.
2. Ukumelana nomswakama ofanelekileyo: iingxowa ze-biodegradable composite zingagqunywa ngezinto ezinobungqina bomswakama kwi-layer yangaphakathi, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umswakama kwizinto ezinomswakama.
3. amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okulungileyo: iingxowa ze-biodegradable composite zinamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina, okwenza ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima.
4. Ukwahluka okwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye nobutyebi: iingxowa ze-biodegradable composite zingenziwa ngobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, imibala, izimbo kunye nokushicilela ngokweemfuno zabathengi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemarike.
I-5.Ingakwazi ukuthatha indawo yeengxowa zeplastiki zemveli: xa kuthelekiswa neengxowa zeplastiki zemveli, iingxowa ze-biodegradable composite zinokhuseleko olungcono lokusingqongileyo, ukonakala kunye nokusebenziseka kwakhona, imathiriyeli yokupakisha ezinzileyo.
Isishwankathelo, uphuhliso lweengxowa zokupakisha ezidityanisiweyo ziyinto ebalulekileyo yokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokupakisha. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kwiingxowa zokupakisha ezidibeneyo kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umonakalo obangelwa yinkunkuma yeplastiki kwindalo, kwaye ibonelela ngesisombululo esisingqongileyo kwingxaki "yokungcola okumhlophe". Nangona ezi ngxowa zixabisa ngaphezulu, iingenelo ezizizisayo kwimekobume zifikelela kude. Njengoko abathengi beqhubeka nokwandisa ulwazi lwabo ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, amathuba entengiso yeengxowa zokupakisha ezidityanisiweyo ezonakeleyo aya kuthembisa ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-30-2023