"Iplastiki eyonakaliswayo" sisisombululo esibalulekileyo sokulawula ungcoliseko lweplastiki.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezingenakonakala akuvumelekanga. Yintoni enokusetyenziswa? Indlela yokunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki? Vumela iplastiki ithobe? Yenze ibe yinto ehambelana nokusingqongileyo. Kodwa, ngaba iiplastiki ezinokonakala ngebhayoloji zinokulunciphisa ngokwenene ungcoliseko lweplastiki? Ukuba ezinye izongezelelo zongezwa kwiplastiki ukuze igqwetheke, kwaye isekwe kwiplastiki, ngaba ngokwenene ayinalungcoliso kwindalo esingqongileyo? Abantu abaninzi bayathandabuza. Abanye abantu bade bacinge ukuba lo ngumjikelo nje omtsha wecarnival yeshishini. Ke ngoko, zininzi iiplastiki ezonakalayo ezinomgangatho ongalinganiyo kunye neendleko kwimarike. Ngaba le yinto elungileyo okanye embi? Ngaba iya kuzisa uxinzelelo olutsha lokusingqongileyo?
Okokuqala, makhe sandise iiplastiki ezonakeleyo. Iiplastiki ezonakaliswayo zohlulwe zibe ziiplastiki ezinokubola, iiplastiki zokuthotywa kwe-oxidative nge-thermal, iiplastiki ezinokuthotywa kunye neeplastiki ezivundisiweyo. Zonke “zinokonakala”, kodwa ixabiso leeplastiki ezonakaliswa nge-oxidatively kunye neeplastiki ezithatha imifanekiso zihluke kaninzi kunezo zeplastiki ezibolayo kunye neeplastiki ezivundisiweyo. Iiplastiki ezonakaliswa yioksijini neeplastiki ezonakaliswa kukukhanya kuthiwa “ziyanyamalala” emhlabeni kuphela emva kokuba zichanabeke kubushushu okanye ekukhanyeni kangangexesha elithile. Kodwa yile nto inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye "ilula ukunyamalala" ebizwa ngokuba yi "PM2.5 yoshishino lweplastiki." Kuba ezi teknoloji zimbini zokuthomalalisa zinokuthoba kuphela iiplastiki zibe ngamasuntswana amancinane angabonakaliyo, kodwa azinakuzenza zinyamalale. Ezi ntwana azibonakali emoyeni, emhlabeni nasemanzini ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezincinci nezilula. I-Z ekugqibeleni itsalwa zizidalwa.
Kwangoko ngoJuni ka-2019, iYurophu yavala ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezilahlwayo ezenziwe nge-thermal oxidatively degradable, kwaye i-Australia iya kuziphelisa ezo plastiki ngo-2022.
ETshayina apho kusandul’ ukuvela khona “iiplastiki ezingonakaliswayo” ngolu hlobo zisatsala inani elikhulu labathengi abafuna ukuthenga “iingxowa zeplastiki ezonakeleyo” ngexabiso eliphantsi kodwa bengayazi imfihlelo. I-"Plastic Restriction Order" eyakhutshwa ngo-2020 iyakwenqabela ukusetyenziswa "kweengxowa zeplastiki ezingenakonakala" kwaye ayichazi ukuba zeziphi iingxowa zeplastiki ezinokonakala ezifanele zisetyenziswe. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu leeplastiki eziguquguqukayo, iiplastiki zokuthotywa kwe-oxidative ye-thermal, iiplastiki ezinokuthatha iifoto, okanye iiplastiki ezixutywe ngebhayoloji zikwalukhetho olulungileyo kwiindawo ezingadingi ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezinokubola ngokupheleleyo. Nangona le plastiki ingenako ukuthotywa ngokupheleleyo, ubuncinci inxalenye ye-PE ayikho.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimarike enesiphithiphithi, kudla ngokuba nzima kubathengi ukuchonga udidi lweeplastiki ezinokonakala. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwamashishini aluwazi umahluko phakathi kweeplastiki ezonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo kunye neeplastiki ezinokonakala ngokwe-oxidatively, iiplastiki ezinokonakala ngokukhanya kunye neeplastiki ezixutyiweyo ezisekwe kwibhayoloji. Badla ngokukhetha eyokugqibela enexabiso eliphantsi, becinga ukuba inokonakala ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo loo nto abathengi abaninzi beya kuthi: “Kutheni ixabiso leyunithi yakho libiza ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunezinye? Njengomvelisi, akunakwenzeka ukulahlekisa abathengi ngokubhala iisampuli 'ezinokonakala' kwiimveliso ezinjalo.
Iplastiki eyonakeleyo ifanele ibe "yinto enokubola ngokupheleleyo." Okwangoku, eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-biodegradable material yi-polylactic acid (PLA), eyenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo ezifana nestatshi kunye nombona. Ngeenkqubo ezinjengokungcwatywa komhlaba, ukwenza umgquba, ukuthotywa kwamanzi ahlaziyekileyo, kunye nokuthotywa kolwandle, esi sixhobo sinokuthotywa ngokupheleleyo sibe ngamanzi kunye nekharbon diokside ngama-microorganisms ngaphandle kokubangela umthwalo owongezelelweyo kwindalo.
Kwizixeko apho "ukuvalwa kweplastiki" kuye kwaphunyezwa, sinokubona iingxowa zeplastiki ze-biodegradable ezihlangabezana nomgangatho omtsha we-G. Emazantsi ayo, unokubona iimpawu ze "PBAT + PLA" kunye ne "jj" okanye "ihlumelo zembotyi". Okwangoku, kuphela olu hlobo lwezinto ezigudiswayo ezihlangabezana nomgangatho ziyinto efanelekileyo eyonakaliswayo engenampembelelo kokusingqongileyo.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-07-2022