Ichashaza elilodwa ngakwesokunxele phezulu limelela a; Amachashazi amabili aphezulu amelele c, futhi amachashazi amane amelele 7. Umuntu obeka izinhlamvu zamagama weBraille anganquma noma yimuphi umbhalo we-World ngaphandle kokuyibona. Lokhu akubalulekile kuphela ekubukeni kokubhala, kepha futhi kubucayi lapho abantu abangaboni kufanele bathole indlela yabo ezindaweni zomphakathi; Kuyadisa futhi ukufakwa, ikakhulukazi ngemikhiqizo ebucayi kakhulu efana nemithi yezemithi. Isibonelo, imithetho yanamuhla ye-EU idinga lezi zinhlamvu ezahlukene ezingama-64 zimakwe ngokungeziwe ekuphaketheni. Kepha kwenzeka kanjani lokhu kwasungulwa okusha?
Abilisiwe phansi amachashazi ayisithupha
Eminyakeni eyisithupha yamagama abalingiswa abadumile emhlabeni, uLouis Braille, izindlela eziwela ukaputeni wezempi eParis. Lapho, kwaqalwa umfana oyimpumputhe ku- "Nocturnal typeface" - uhlelo lokufunda okwenziwe ngabalingiswa be-tactile. Ngosizo lwamachashazi ayishumi nambili ahlelwe ngemicibisholo emibili imiyalo yathunyelwa emabuthweni ebumnyameni. Ngemibhalo emide, nokho, lolu hlelo lwabonakala luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. IBraille inciphise inani lamachashazi liye ku-ayisithupha ngaleyo ndlela lisungule i-braille yanamuhla evumela izinhlamvu, izibalo zezibalo kanye nomculo weshidi ozohunyushwa ngalolu limi lwe-chaza.
Inhloso ebekiwe ye-EU ukususa izithiyo zansuku zonke zempumputhe futhi ezingaboni kahle. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zomgwaqo zabantu abangaboni kahle ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinjengeziphathimandla noma izithuthi zomphakathi, ukuqondisa ngo-2004/3/2/2007 I-Direct kuphela ayifaki amabhokisi amancane angenayo ama-20ml kanye / noma i-20G, imithi ekhiqizwa emayunithi angaphansi kwama-7,000 ngonyaka, ama-Naturopath abhalisiwe nemithi ephethwe kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo. Lapho ucelwa, izinkampani ezenza imithi kumele futhi zinikeze ukufakwa kwephakeji kwamanye amafomethi ezigulini ezingaboni kahle. Njengesejwayelekile esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, usayizi wefonti (iphuzu) nansi "MARBURG HIMPLE".
WUmzamo owengeziwe we-orthlerle
Ngokusobala, amalebula e-braille anenjongo nawo anomthelela kanye nezindleko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphrinta kumele azi ukuthi akuzona zonke izilimi ezinamaphuzu afanayo. Inhlanganisela ye-dot ye-%, / kanye nokuma okugcwele kuhlukile eSpain, e-Italy, eJalimane kanye nase-UK. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphrinta kufanele acabangele amachaphaza athile, ama-offsets, kanye nokuhlukaniswa komugqa lapho kufakwa noma ukuphrinta ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amachashazi eBraille kulula ukuthinta. Kodwa-ke, abaklami lapha nabo ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlale beshaya ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokusebenza nokubukeka. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izindawo eziphakanyisiwe akumele ziphazamise ngokungafanele nokubukeka kwabantu abangaboni abangaboni.
Ukufaka iBraille kuya ekupakisheni akuyona inkinga elula. Ngoba kunezidingo ezihlukile ze-embosseng yeBraille: ngomphumela omuhle kakhulu we-braille kufanele kube buthakathaka ukuze impahla yamakhadibhodi ayidambi. Lapho kuphakama izinga lokufaka, kukhulu ubungozi bokubhidliza ikhava yekhadibhodi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abayizimpumputhe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphakama okuncane kwamachashazi e-braille kuyadingeka ukuze kuzwakale umbhalo kalula ngeminwe yabo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa amachashazi ahlanganisiwe ukupakisha kuhlale kumelela isenzo sokulinganisa phakathi kokubuka okuthandekayo nokufundeka okuhle kwezimpumputhe.
Ukuphrinta kwedijithali kwenza uhlelo lube lula
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule, iBraille yayisabhalwa, lapho ithuluzi lokubhala elihambisanayo elifanele likhiqizwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwethulwa ukuphrinta kwesikrini - ngenxa yalokhu kuvela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kokuqala, imboni idinga kuphela ukunyathelisa okuphrintiwe. Kepha ukuguqulwa kwangempela kuzofika kuphela ngokuphrinta kwedijithali. Manje, amachashazi e-braille anendaba yokuphrinta kwe-ink jet kanye ne-varnish.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulula: izimfuneko zifaka amanani amahle okugeleza kwama-nozzle kanye nezakhiwo ezifanele zokumisa, kanye nokuphrinta okusheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ama-ink Jets kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zobukhulu obuncane, abe nokunamathelisa okuhle futhi ungabi nenkungu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwama-inks okuphrinta / ama-varnish kudinga okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle, manje okutholwe yizinkampani eziningi embonini.
Kunezingcingo ngezikhathi ezithile ukususa uhlelo lokusebenza lokuphoqelelwa lweBraille ekuphaketheni okukhethiwe. Abanye bathi lezi zindleko zingasindiswa ngamathegi kagesi, ziphikisana nokuthi kuvumela abasebenzisi abangazi izinhlamvu noma abantu asebekhulile abaye bathola iminyaka ebonakalayo, ukuthola imininingwane abayifunayo.
Ukugcina
Kuze kube manje, ukupakishwa kweBraille kusenezinkinga eziningi ezilindele ukuthi zizixazulule, sizokwenza konke okusemandleni ethu ukwenza ukupakishwa kweBraille engcono kubantu abakudingayo.Ngiyabonga ngokufunda!
Isikhathi sePosi: Jun-10-2022