Umlando wokupakisha

Ukupakishwa kwesimanje Idizayini yokupakisha yesimanje ilingana nokuphela kwekhulu le-16 kuya kwekhulu le-19. Ngokuvela kwezimboni, inani elikhulu lokupakishwa kwempahla lenze amazwe athile athuthuka ngokushesha aqale ukwakha imboni yemikhiqizo yokupakisha ekhiqizwa ngomshini. Mayelana nezinto zokupakisha neziqukathi: inqubo yokukhiqiza ubulongwe behhashi nekhadibhodi yasungulwa ngekhulu le-18, futhi kwavela iziqukathi zephepha; ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, indlela yokugcina ukudla emabhodleleni engilazi nasemathinini ensimbi yasungulwa, futhi kwasungulwa imboni yokufaka ukudla.

Ngokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe bokupakisha: maphakathi nekhulu le-16, ama-conical corks ayesetshenziswa kakhulu eYurophu ukuvala umlomo webhodlela. Isibonelo, ngawo-1660, lapho iwayini elimnandi liphuma, i-bottleneck kanye nokhokho kwasetshenziselwa ukuvala ibhodlela. Ngo-1856, kwasungulwa i-screw cap ene-cork pad, futhi isigqoko somqhele esigxiviziwe nesivaliwe sasungulwa ngo-1892, okwenza ubuchwepheshe bokuvala bube lula futhi buthembeke kakhulu. . Ekusetshenzisweni kwezimpawu zokupakisha zesimanje: Amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu aqala ukufaka amalebula emabhodleleni ewayini ngo-1793. Ngo-1817, imboni yezokwelapha yaseBrithani yathi amaphakethe ezinto ezinobuthi kumelwe abe namalebula aphrintiwe okulula ukuwabona.

Ukupakishwa kwesimanje Idizayini yokupakisha yesimanje iqale ngemuva kokungena ekhulwini lama-20. Ngokukhula komhlaba wonke komnotho wezimpahla kanye nokuthuthuka ngokushesha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, ukuthuthukiswa kokupakisha nakho sekungene enkathini entsha.

Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kungokulandelayo:

1. Izinto ezintsha zokupakisha, ezifana nokupakishwa kwe-biodegradable, ukupakisha okulahlwayo, ukupakishwa okungase kusetshenziswe kabusha nezinye iziqukathi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokupakisha buyaqhubeka nokuvela;

2. Ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuzishintsha kwemishini yokupakisha;

3. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokupakisha nokuphrinta;

4. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuhlolwa kokupakisha;

5. Idizayini yokupakisha iqhubeka ngokwesayensi futhi yenziwe yesimanje.